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Tolkien 's legendariumthe history of Ardaalso called the history of Middle-earth[ a ] began when the Ainur entered Ardafollowing the creation events in the Ainulindalë and long ages of labour throughout Eäthe fictional universe. Time from that point was measured using Valian Yearshöstjackor 12 år the subsequent history of Arda was divided into three time periods using different years, known as the Years of the Lamps, the Years of the Trees, and the Years of the Sun.
A separate, overlapping chronology divides the history into 'Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar'. The first such Age began with the Awakening of the Elves during the Years of the Trees and continued for the first six centuries of the Years of the Sun. All the subsequent Ages took place during the Years of the Sun. Most Middle-earth stories take place in the first höstjackor 12 år Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar.
Major themes of the history are the divine creation of the worldfollowed by the splintering of the created light as different wills come into conflict. Scholars have noted the biblical echoes of God, Satanand the fall of man here, rooted in Tolkien's own Christian faith. Arda is, as critics have noted, "our own green and solid Earth at some quite remote epoch in the past.
The supreme deity of Tolkien's universe is Eru Ilúvatar. Ilúvatar created spirits named the Ainur from his thoughts, and some were considered brothers or sisters. Ilúvatar made divine music with them.
Melkorthen the most powerful of the Ainur, broke the harmony of the music, until Ilúvatar began first a second theme, and then a third theme, which the Ainur could not comprehend since they were not the source of it. The essence of their song symbolized the history of the whole universe and the Children of Ilúvatar that were to dwell in "höstjackor 12 år" — Men and Elves. Then Ilúvatar created Eäwhich means "to be," the universe itself, and formed within it Arda, the Earth"globed within the void": the world together with the three airs is set apart from Avakúmathe "void" without.
The first 15 of the Ainur that descended to Arda, and the most powerful ones, were called Valar; the lesser Ainur were called Maiar. When the Valar entered Ardait was still lifeless and had no distinct geographical features. The initial shape of Arda, chosen by the Valar, was much more symmetrical, including the central continent of Middle-earth.
Middle-earth was also originally much largerand was lit by the misty light that veiled the barren ground.
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The Valar concentrated this light in two large lamps, called Illuin and Ormal. The Vala Aulë forged two great pillar-like mountains, Helcar in the north and Ringil in the south. Illuin was set upon Helcar and Ormal upon Ringil. In the middle, where the light of the lamps mingled, the Valar dwelt at the island of Almaren upon the Great Lake. This period, known as the Spring of Arda, was a time when the Valar had ordered the World as they wished and rested upon Almaren, and Melkor lurked beyond the Walls of Night.
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During this time animals first appeared, and forests started to grow. The period ended when Melkor assaulted and destroyed the Lamps of the Valar. Arda was again darkened, and the fall of the great Lamps spoiled the symmetry of Arda's surface. New continents were created: Aman in the West, Middle-earth proper in the middle, the uninhabited lands later called the Land of the Sun in the East.
At the site of the northern lamp was later the inland Sea of Helcar, of which Cuiviénen was a bay. At the site of the southern lamp was later the Sea of Ringil. After the destruction of the Two Lamps and the kingdom of Almarenthe Valar abandoned Middle-earthmoving to the continent höstjackor 12 år Aman. There they built their Second Kingdom, Valinor.
Yavanna made the Two Treesnamed Telperion the silver tree and Laurelin the golden tree in the land of Valinor. The Trees illuminated Valinor, leaving Middle-earth in darkness. The Years of the Trees were divided into two epochs. The first ten ages, the Days of Bliss, saw peace and prosperity in Valinor.
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The Eaglesthe Entsand the Dwarves were conceived by ManwëYavannaand Aulë respectively, but placed into slumber until the awakening of the Elves. The next ten ages, called the Noontide of the Blessed Realm, saw Varda kindling the stars above Middle-earth. This was the first time after the Spring of Arda that Middle-earth was illuminated. The first Elves awoke in Cuiviénen in the middle of Middle-earth, marking the start of the First Age of the Children of Ilúvatarand were soon approached by the Enemy Melkor who hoped to enslave them.
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Learning of this, the Valar and the Maiar came into Middle-earth and, in the War of the Powers also called the Battle of the Powersdefeated Melkor and brought him captive to Valinor. This began the period of the Peace of Arda. Along the journey several groups of Elves tarried, notably the Nandor and the Sindar.